Global economic growth shows interesting dynamics amidst the various challenges facing the world today. After experiencing the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries are starting to show signs of recovery. According to the latest data from the IMF, global economic growth is estimated to reach 4.9% in 2023. However, challenges such as high inflation, geopolitical tensions and climate change continue to haunt this momentum. Inflation is one of the main issues facing many countries. The surge in energy and food prices due to geopolitical conflicts, especially in Europe and the Middle East, has shaken economic stability. Countries such as the United States and Britain have responded with tight monetary policies to curb inflation. Higher interest rates have the potential to slow growth, but are also necessary to maintain people’s purchasing power. Meanwhile, geopolitical tensions, including the Russia-Ukraine war and US-China rivalry, have created uncertainty in global markets. Broken supply chains added pressure to the industry, causing production delays. Countries are starting to seek diversification of raw material sources and technological investments to increase economic resilience. Climate change is a serious challenge that cannot be ignored. Increasingly frequent natural disasters, such as floods and forest fires, are affecting the agricultural and infrastructure sectors. Many countries are committed to achieving net-zero emissions in the coming decades, but this will require large investments in renewable energy and technological innovation. Innovation is the main driver of economic growth in the modern era. The technology sector, including artificial intelligence and automation, shows great potential to drive efficiency and productivity. Countries that invest in research and development (R&D) will have a competitive advantage, creating new jobs in sustainable industries. On the other hand, economic inequality between developed and developing countries is still a challenge. Developing countries often have limited access to technology and financing for infrastructure projects. Initiatives such as the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to address these inequalities by promoting inclusive growth. International trade is also experiencing shifts. Post-pandemic, more countries are focusing on intra-regional trade as a way to reduce dependence on broader global markets. New trade agreements, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), strengthen economic cooperation between countries in the Asia-Pacific region. With all these challenges, it is important for economic policies and strategies to be adaptive and responsive. International cooperation is needed to rebuild a strong foundation for global economic growth. Through collaboration and innovation, the world can find a way out of this uncertainty and redirect to a more sustainable and inclusive path.