Deforestation is the clearing of forests for any reason. The most common cause is the growing number of people who need more food, water, oil and other resources that come from forest-based plants and animals. People also need land to build homes and businesses, so they clear forests to create agricultural lands and new living settlements. Another big cause of deforestation is people cutting down trees to make wood products like furniture, paper and building materials. People do this by burning or felling trees with axes, chainsaws and other tools. Sometimes this is done for fun, but it can also be done to provide needed income to families and communities.

Climate change is a major driver of deforestation, too. As temperatures rise, it is harder for trees to absorb the water they need through their roots. This can lead to droughts and even alter entire weather patterns, making it drier in some places while others experience rainier conditions.

When forests are cut down, the top layer of soil is lost along with its nutrients. This makes it hard for crops to grow and leads to lower yields over time. This also reduces the ability of water bodies to hold onto and bring in freshwater, which is a problem for humans, livestock and other wildlife that depend on it.

Many Indigenous and local communities rely on forests for their daily lives, including access to medicine, food, water, shelter and building materials. Deforestation often displaces these communities, erodes their cultures and leads to conflicts over land rights. People can help reduce deforestation by buying products that are sustainably sourced. Look for companies with certifications that require them to adhere to a sustainable standard and protect biodiversity.