The First World War: Causes and Impact that Changed History

The First World War, fought between 1914 and 1918, was one of the most significant conflicts in human history. The causes of this war are very complex and involve various interacting political, economic and social factors. One of the main causes is deepening nationalism in various European countries. Countries such as Germany, France, and Austria-Hungary struggled to strengthen their national identities and gain territorial power.

In addition, complex alliance systems also contribute to conflict escalation. Alliances such as the Triple Entente, consisting of France, Russia, and England, confronted the Triple Alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Tensions in the Balkans, especially after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in 1914, were the main trigger that led to the outbreak of war. In addition, the arms race and imperialism added to tensions between major powers, creating a situation that was highly vulnerable and ready to explode.

The impact of the First World War was profound and touched many aspects of life. In the political field, this war resulted in major changes in the world order. Four great empires—Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, and Russia—fell apart, paving the way for the emergence of new states. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia that occurred as a result of the failure of the war prompted major changes in global political ideology.

Socially, this war caused enormous loss of life, it is estimated that around 16 million people were killed and 21 million people were injured. People’s lives in various countries have been greatly affected; many families lost members, and many veterans returned from the war in severe physical and mental conditions. In addition, the war changed views towards women who began to take over men’s roles in the work sector, encouraging a stronger voting rights movement.

Post-war economic conditions also experienced significant changes. The war demanded enormous resources, and many countries struggled to pay the debts incurred. The Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 imposed heavy reparations on Germany, resulting in an economic crisis and discontent in society.

Culture and art also did not escape the impact of war. In the midst of disappointment and loss, many new art trends emerged, such as Dadaism and Surrealism, which reflected the absurdity and unhappiness of post-development society. The First World War changed the way people thought about war, peace and the future. Despite the end of the conflict, its effects were felt for decades to come, including the Second World War.

With its various causes and comprehensive impact, the First World War was a turning point that not only changed the political map of Europe but also affected social and economic life throughout the world. When talking about its long-term impact, it is important to understand that this conflict was a moment that shaped not only European history but also global history as a whole.